Legalization Essays - Drug Policy Reform, , Term Papers

Legalization Legalization of marijuana has been a controversial issue in the U.S. for the past several years. The people vs. the federal government is just one of the main debates over legalization. In the past marijuana was required to be grown on most plantations in the southern region. It could be purchased in one ounce packages for only twenty five cents. Further down the time line we find that marijuana is increasingly being used in the inner cities and suburban areas. Marijuana was considers legal in the late 1800's but a bill was passed and marijuana was quickly considered to be illegal. The federal legislation prohibiting marijuana passed at the end of 1937 congressional session was virtually scare enacted. people feared the effects of it and wanted to stop the growth and importation of it. Congress passed the Marijuana Tax Act, which requires all persons who import, manufacture, produce, compound, sell, deal in, and dispense pay a graduated occupational tax. This tax was an attempt to make it harder for dealers of marijuana to make money off the export and import of marijuana. Attempts that he government has made to pass bills that decriminalize marijuana were shot down by legislature and the federal government. A survey taken says that although illegality should be maintained, the penalties for it should be lessened. There is a theory that marijuana stimulates violence, yet it has not been proven as a fact. In several states, such as New Jersey, the marijuana regulations and penalties have been lessened. Governor Cahill, from New Jersey, recommended that criminal penalties for a small 2 possession of marijuana should be reduced by making it a disorderly person offense. Dr. Tod Mikuriya, from the Indian Hemp drug commission, proposed a list of regulations for the control of marijuana if it were to become legal. It stated that possession without intent to sell shall not be considered to be a crime, all growers importers shall be regulated and watched over like a typical industry, public places where marijuana is sold for on premises use shall be licensed like any alcohol serving bar, and determination of the THC potency and purity shall be regulated by the U.S. Drug and Food Administration. Attempts to legalize have also been made by presidential issued commissions. A commission issued by president Nixon researched marijuana and reached a conclusion that it would be okay to decriminalize marijuana. This, was of course, quickly shot down by the president and the congress. Jimmy Carter, another president of the United States, also wanted to legals marijuana. In the present day there are groups such as, NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws) , that issue petitions and bills to the DEA and federal government that try to persuade the legalization of marijuana. NORML compared marijuana to alcohol and reached a conclusion that alcohol is more lethal than marijuana. Their studies have shown that prolonged use of marijuana causes lack of ingenuity severe bronchitis, and it lessens reaction speed. Alcohol has been named for hundreds of thousands of death in the United States. It causes liver disease, a severe mental and physical dependance, and depression. Marijuana is only 3 psychologically addictive and use of it can be stopped easier than alcohol abuse. Also no deaths have ever been recorded that were accused by the use of marijuana. Marijuana is considered to be a Scheduled I controlled substance. that means that it is considered to be a drug that can be easily abused. NORML has made attempts to get the DEA to reschedule marijuana, but they were rejected. If the opinions of major contributors to the illegal view of marijuana could be changed, marijuana might be legalized. Too many studies and too many federal officials tell us that it is wrong for our country to condone a so called life threatening drug. Legalization of marijuana could bring extra income to the country and also help in the decline of alcohol abusers. If legalization was to happen the united states would only prosper. Reefer Madness Atlantic Monthly; August 1994. Eric Schlosses; p. 45-63 Marijuana Crime and Delinquency Literature; June 1970. Linda Whitlock; p.363-382 Pot Law Experience The Washington Star; May 6, 1975 Lee Johnson; p.A1-A10 Marijuana Alert Peggy Man Copyright: 1985 p.261, 101, 444 International Drug Traffic Edward F. Dolan, Jr. Copyright 1985 p. 85-86

4 Strategies for Bouncing Back from Rejection

4 Strategies for Bouncing Back from Rejection Rejection sucks. I am still sad about my unsuccessful audition to sing the National Anthem at a Mets game, and that cattle call try-out was four years ago! Fortunately, it didnt dissuade me from pursuing a professional music career; being a music major did that much earlier. But when it comes to applying and interviewing for office jobs, its been much more important for me to weather the blow to my ego and keep moving forward.Here are some tips to help you be more resilient as you wade into the unforgiving waters of the job market.1. Know the OddsEvery corporate job may receive anywhere from 100 to 250 applications, and possibly more if its an in-demand position or industry. When The Toast put out a call for a new editorial assistant, they received 750 applications in 12 hours. Big companies use filtering software to look for keywords; smaller ones uses HR managers with quick instincts for a good fit vs a poor one. So remember that while your odds are just one in many.Manage your exp ectations up front, and youll find the disappointment is proportionally much less than when you imagine you have been personally rejected (instead of ruled out through arbitrary classifications like not using synergy enough in your cover letter) (I am kidding. Never use synergy.)2. Dont Fall In LoveWhile initially this may seem as harsh as dont cry out loud, it follows the theme of managing expectations. Even if this is your dream job or you received an immediate response from the hiring manager after you submitted your application, or the interview felt like walking into the Cheers bar and you were Norm, dont start imagining yourself getting comfortable in a future hypothetical office- keep a cool head. Youll need it when its time to talk salary and benefits.3. Ask for FeedbackThis one can be dicey, because often recruiters or hiring managers wont have time to provide this. But if you had a good interview that didnt pan out into a job, you can feel comfortable responding to a rejec tion email with a polite thank you (for their time) and then asking for feedback on your candidacy or why they chose someone else.The graciousness of this step cannot be exaggerated- this semester, I interviewed for a teaching job but was told that class had been filled, only to have the department director email me again two days later to say a different (better!) class had opened up. If I had replied to the initial rejection with anything but, Thanks so much for the opportunity, I hope youll keep me in mind for future classes and I look forward to the chance to work together in the future, I might not have received the later offer.4. You Dont Get the Job, the Job Gets YouMy favorite way to make this mental flip is to think about the office culture in existence. Imagine that youre a current employee faced with the prospect of a new hire like yourself. What do you bring to the table, besides your experience? You want to work in a place that appreciates all of those things- for the r ight job, you will be the candidate with the best experience, best attitude, and brightest potential. If they dont think youre that person, why would you want to work there anyway.

One Vote Can Make a Difference - What Are the Odds

One Vote Can Make a Difference - What Are the Odds The odds that one vote can make a difference in an election are almost nil, worse than the odds of winning Powerball. But that doesnt mean its impossible that one vote can make a difference. Its actually happened. There have been cases in which one vote decided the election. Odds That One Vote Can Make a Difference Economists Casey B. Mulligan and Charles G. Hunter found in a 2001 study that only one of every 100,000 votes cast in federal elections, and one of every 15,000 votes cast in state legislative elections, â€Å"mattered in the sense that they were cast for a candidate that officially tied or won by one vote.† Their study of 16,577 national elections from 1898 through 1992 found that only one had been decided by a single vote. It was the 1910 election in New York’s 36th Congressional District, won by a Democrat who claimed 20,685 votes to the Republican candidate’s 20,684. Of those elections, the median margin of victory was 22 percentage points and 18,021 actual votes. Mulligan and Hunter also analyzed 40,036 state legislative elections from 1968 through 1989 and found only seven that had been decided by a single vote. Of those elections, the median margin of victory was 25 percentage points and 3,257 actual votes. In other words, the chance that your vote will be the decisive or pivotal one in a national election is almost zilch. The same goes for state legislative elections. Chances That One Vote Can Make a Difference in a Presidential Race   Researchers Andrew Gelman, Gary King, and John Boscardin estimated the chances that a single vote would decide a U.S. presidential election to be 1 in 10 million at best and less than 1 in 100 million at worst. Their work, titled Estimating the Probability of Events That Have Never Occurred: When Is Your Vote Decisive? appeared in 1998 in the Journal of the American Statistical Association.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Given the size of the electorate, an election where one vote is decisive (equivalent to a tie in your state and in the electoral college) will almost certainly never occur,† Gelman, King and Boscardin wrote. Still, the odds of your one vote deciding a presidential election are still better than your odds of matching all six numbers of Powerball, which are smaller than 1 in 175 million. What Really Happens in Close Elections So what happens if an election really is decided by a single vote, or is at least pretty close? It’s taken out of the electorate’s hands. Stephen J. Dubner and Steven D. Levitt, who wrote Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything, pointed out in a 2005 column in The New York Times that extremely close elections are often settled not at the ballot box but in courtrooms. Consider President George W. Bush’s narrow victory in 2000 over Democrat Al Gore, which ended up being decided by the U.S. Supreme Court. â€Å"It is true that the outcome of that election came down to a handful of voters; but their names were Kennedy, OConnor, Rehnquist, Scalia, and Thomas. And it was only the votes they cast while wearing their robes that mattered, not the ones they may have cast in their home precincts,† Dubner and Levitt wrote. When One Vote Really Did Make a Difference The races won by a single vote, in addition to the new 1910 Congressional election in New York, according to Mulligan and Hunter, were: A 1978 race for Rhode Island state Senate was tied at 4,110 votes, and decided by a second runoff election. So was a 1980 race for New Mexico state House, at 2,327 votes for each candidate.A 1982 state House election in Maine in which the victor won 1,387 votes to the loser’s 1,386 votes.A 1982 state Senate race in Massachusetts in which the victor won 5,352 votes to the loser’s 5,351; a subsequent recount late found wider margin.A 1980 state House race in Utah in which the victor won 1,931 votes to the loser’s 1,930 votes.A 1978 state Senate race in North Dakota in which the victor won 2,459 votes to the loser’s 2,458 votes; a subsequent recount found the margin to be six votes.A 1970 state House race in Rhode Island in which the victor won 1,760 votes to the loser’s 1,759.A 1970 state House race in Missouri in which the victor won 4,819 votes to the loser’s 4,818 votes.And a 1968 state House race in Wisconsin in which the victor won 6,522 v otes to the loser’s 6,521 votes; a subsequent recount found the margin to be two votes, not one.

Pilot shortage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pilot shortage - Research Paper Example The United States needs to make major changes in the airline industry and pilot certification programs now, to protect the industry from the devastating effects of this shortage, and to ensure the continued stability of airline travel both nationally, and internationally for years to come. A pilot, also known as an aviator, is the person in control of an aircraft during flight. In terms of the safety of the flight, pilots are the most vital single component, because they are responsible for the aircraft during travel. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commercial aircraft are required to have two pilots in the cockpit during Air Carrier operations, and to ensure there is someone who can take control during an emergency. For the last decades, the shortage of people entering the field of aviation has been growing, creating a notable shortage of pilots. There are a number of reasons that there are not enough pilots to currently meet America’s need for air travel including: increased rate of pilot retirement, decreased qualified individuals entering the field of aviation, increased restrictions and requirements, and increased demand for air travel services. As a result, the pilot shortage has been a growing problem in United States aviation industry, and if not solved carefully, it is a deficit that could lead to many serious problems. However, with efforts from all parts of aviation industry, pilot shortage is not a no-solution problem. A pilot shortage is the inadequacy or insufficiency of people qualified to actively and directly operate the â€Å"directional flight controls of an aircraft while it is in flight† (Wikipedia, 2015). Culturally, it refers to a situation where America currently, or any country, has very few aviators currently employed, creating a situation where there are not enough

Personal art statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art - Personal Statement Example As time passed by, I realized that my work is the only means for me to contribute to the society I live in and I came to wonder what my work could do for people and how it could make their lives better. Whereas helping people as an artist is a great thing, it was not enough to meet my purpose of life. I have often wondered about the gap between art and real life, and I wish to make the lives of the people better through art. Art and Interior design are closely related and the latter helps me in bridging the gap between art and real life. In other words, my artistic life as an interior designer can help me accomplish my dream to make the lives of the people better. Thus, I have chosen the study of Interior design, because I believe that I can help people as an interior designer. Interior design is closely connected with fine art and I am greatly excited to learn it. In fact, learning interior design gives me more pleasure and satisfaction than that of fine art. However, I greatly believe that my fine art background helps me to be more creative and successful in interior design. My great interest in drawing has helped me in developing a positive mental framework towards interior design. Like most other kids, I used to draw and paint during my childhood.

Photography Essay Example for Free

Photography Essay The purpose of photography is to present to the viewer a view of the world that is not normally seen. With the advent of fashion photography however, the view of this world is skewered. Fashion models do not present a true reality but a made-up world in which being too thin is regarded as high fashion. With works such as Lachapelle the use of morphing reality and creating one’s own reality is more and more kosher in the world of high fashion. It is with the re-evaluation of beauty that fashion photography has enchanted and changed the world. This surmise can be discovered in the way women and men dress, in their progression of outfits, daily work clothes, celebratory clothes and all of this reflected in the economic up rise of the consumers desire to be in fashion for the season. LaChapelle explores and exploits this need through his photography and although not always paying attention to the status quo on what fashion photography is, he presents his viewers with his own perspective on beauty through fashion. The topic of fashion has always held my interest, especially fashion photography. The way in which the photographer can create different realms of existence through different angles, colored lenses, and outfits has been a great intrigue of my interest in art. My favorite photographer is David LaChapelle which is why I choose him for the research and analysis part of this project. The way that he does fashion photography is a reinvention of it. He does not just accomplish what no one else can accomplish in photography but he also puts humor into his pieces as will be explained later. He makes fun of fashion, or the extremes which people put on fashion by creating a world through photography in which his eloquence matches this humor as can be seen in his Shoes to Die For photograph. Thus, he is a photographer I admire because he does not take himself too seriously. Introduction Fashion photography is about portability and malleability. A model can be incorporated into a fantastical environment for which only the word surreal can be used to define. In modern day photography there is a myriad of photographers each striving for a new lens, a new way in which to portray a fantastic image. In the history of fashion, nothing is so transcendental than photography. The image in fashion has been primarily focused on the model and how well the model sells the clothes; it is in the photograph that mutation over the decades has skyrocketed into a true art form. Fashion photography does not succumb to the norms of portraiture that Daguerre made famous but to focal points of beauty in landscape, cityscape and how well assembled the model appears in those scenes. Body Media With the issue of thinness, the disease anorexia is conjured up; since the advocating of the media towards a thinner woman’s body, disorders such as anorexia and bulimia have become predominant among women and men. In the Western culture this rising phenomenon has become a central fact for overly conscious people who focus on their appearance, as Dittmar and Howard state, â€Å"†¦they learn to see themselves as objects to be looked at and evaluated by appearance. This pressure is constantly reinforced by a strong cultural ideal of female beauty, and that ideal has become synonymous with thinness† (477-478). With this notion in the forefront of the paper other issues such as model size as they are propagated through the media become a rising concern. Dittmar and Howard go on to state that roughly 20% of models in the fashion industry are underweight which in term clinically diagnosis them with the condition of anorexia nervosa. These conditions give further rise to other women’s problems. Since the cultural idea of thinness as perpetuated by the media and the fashion industry is to have increasingly thin body types, the average woman or man tries dieting and exercising to keep up with the ‘standard’. When the average woman or man finds that they are still not ‘normal’ according to the cultural guidelines of the word, they begin to be dissatisfied with their bodies which leads to low self-esteem, â€Å"Thus it stands to reason that women are likely to experience body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and even eating disorders if they internalize and strive for a beauty ideal that is stringently thin and essentially unattainable† (478). The mass media is the continual hindrance to a healthy body image for Americans. The media is a social influence that reinforces these ideals through repetition and product placement. The media is a visual stimulation letting the American public voyeuristically fantasize about ultra thin models and having a body (sometimes these bodies are digitally re-mastered) that provides relative pleasure in shape. Dittmar and Howard’s article highlights one such concern with the UK government in which they held a conference in June 2000 to discuss this issue of thinness and the media and to in essence debate about banning the use of these too thin models as media advertisement since the image essentially gave permission to the public to suffer and toil over gaining a great body, no matter the public acquired anorexia nervosa or other clinical conditions. The detriment of this fact, the fact that thinness is amounting to such problems as anorexia nervosa raise many social and cultural issues. The cultural issue may best be summarized in Dittmar and Howard’s article as they quote Naomi Campbell and Claudia Schiffer, both spokespersons for top models, â€Å"†¦(s)tatistics have repeatedly shown that if you stick a beautiful skinny girl on the cover of a magazine you sell more copies†¦Agencies would say that we supply the women and the advertisers, our clients, want. The clients would say that hey are selling a product and responding to consumer demand. At the end of the day, it is a business and the fact is that these models sell the products† (478). Thus, the opposite side of the spectrum is arguing that businesses or model clients are merely representing something that already exists within the cultural dynamic. The argument is that thin models represent what people want to see and so the products the model’s are advertising sell more copies. The clients of the modeling agencies are merely tied into the vicious cycle of believing what they want to believe. Although this point seems somewhat valid, the validation stops when such perpetuating leads to serious illnesses (in some cases anorexia or bulimia have lead to death). It can plainly be deciphered from the above text that body image is created by the media, as Guttman quotes in her article â€Å"Advertising, My Mirror† in an interview with Christian Blachas, â€Å"That image comes to us from the fashion world. People like to say advertising starts trends like the recent wave of ‘fashion pornography. ’ But this came straight from designers and fashion journalists. The job of advertising is to pick up on trends. It’s rarely subversive because brands don’t gain anything from shocking people too much. Advertising’s a remarkable mirror, but it doesn’t start fads† (25). Consequently, Blachas is stating that if fault is to be placed anywhere for the over correction of dieting, then the blame is not on the fashion industry but on advertisers who are the ones who pick up trends and allow these trends to filter down to every consumer; thus, while 20% of models are diagnosed as too ‘thin’ this relevant percentage can be related to the American public. Since the blame seems to be resting with the advertisers, another close look at the media needs to be given. The media perpetuates fads and other culturally influential eras, but this seems to have heightened within the past few decades. The bombardment the public receives from the media and especially from the advertising end of the media is seen not only in commercials but in product placement in music videos, and movies. Magazines also aid in distributing the advertisements’ ideals as can be seen in repeated simulation on television soap operas, just as much as from fashion magazines, as Hargreaves and Tiggemann state in â€Å"Longer term implications of responsiveness to ‘thin-ideal’: support for a cumulative hypothesis of body image disturbance? , â€Å"Although this evidence appears to support the media’s negative impact on body image, various methodological limitations need to be acknowledged. In particular, the causal direction of correlations between body dissatisfaction and media use remains a challenge. The causal direction is clear in controlled laboratory research†¦One possible link between individual reactive episodes of dissatisfaction in response to specific media images and the development of body image is that enduring attitudes, beliefs, and feelings about bodies and appearances accumulate over time through repeated exposure to ideals of attractiveness in the media† (466). Thus, the level of insecurity is maintained in the public through the barrage of repeated body images through advertisements. In the composition of photography there are many elements which define the medium; line, color, focus, brightness, scenery, shadow, etc. The evolution of fashion photography hinged upon the mass reproduction of images in magazines. In Germany, in the early 20th century, fashion became fully popular and available to the populace through Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung and Munchner Illustrierte Presse . It is in the magazine world that fashion photography began it’s popularity . As soon as fashion hit a mainstream cord with the public, magazines sales soared and thus was born the beginning of the history of fashion photography. There was great demand for magazines; especially fashion. Women and men would see what to wear, how to wear to it, what was in style and the modern world finally had the leisure to pursue the market of clothes as fashion. With this demand installed in the public, it was up to the photographers of the early fashion industry to come up with new ways in which to depict the model, the clothes and entice women and men to dress according to what was portrayed in the photos. This is where composition of the photo is required to ensure new and deliberate methods of fashion portrayal. With the oncoming age of color introduced in photography in the 1930’s and 1940’s as the encyclopedia elaborates, â€Å"Nonetheless, color remained a sidelight in photography until the 1930s because it required considerable patience and expense on the part of both photographer and printer. The dominance of color in terms of reproduction and everyday picture-taking did not begin until 1935, when Kodak started to sell Kodachrome transparency film, and was completed by the introduction of color-print films and Ektachrome films in the 1940s†. With color photography, the realm of the fashion world drastically changed. The limits of black and white and sepia toned magazine covers gave way to brilliant exhibits of color combinations, and a wide range of fabrics that women and men could now see, duplicate, or buy. Fashion photography changed from depicting high-class society women to models in every day clothing. Professional photographers were then counted on to resonant the possibility of how fashion should co-exist with society. With Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar photographers were hired full time to create, in the magazine, a gallery of fabric eye candy dressed on a model with a backdrop. June 1, 1947 Vogue cover. The most notable photographers at the time were pictorialists , Edward Steichen and Englishman Cecil Beaton. The incorporation of art into photography made the photographs more believable as high fashion. Steichen and Beaton glamorized the models with enhanced lighting effects, which lionized the models and made the magazine world believe that fashion through photography was otherworldly. Among new techniques being used, the online encyclopedia states, â€Å"American Edward Steichen and Englishman Cecil Beaton, both one-time pictorialists. These photographers began to use elaborate lighting schemes to achieve the same sort of glamorizing effects being perfected by Clarence Bull as he photographed new starlets in Hollywood, California. Martin Munkacsi initiated a fresh look in fashion photography after Harper’s Bazaar hired him in 1934. He moved the models outdoors, where he photographed them as active, energetic modern women†. So began the movement of high fashion. Martin Munkacsi photograph. In the movement, the use of fashion as advertisement was key in developing a market for fashion photography. It is through marketing advertising, that fashion photographers began to be highlighted, as the encyclopedia states, â€Å"The new approach to photography in the editorial content of magazines was matched by an increasingly sophisticated use of photography in advertisements. Steichen, while also working for Vogue and Vanity Fair magazines, became one of the highest-paid photographers of the 1930s through his work for the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency†. These photographers, as well as others, helped to make advertising an art form through use of portraying model’s hands in product placement, and altogether catering to ever-widening audience of magazine buyers. Fashion photography changed through the utilization and realization that product sold only through its modeling and photographic depiction.

Vocabulary Definitions: Chapter 10 Review (psych) :: essays research papers

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Intelligence Quotient - Intelligences quotient is an index of intelligence once calculated by dividing one's tested mental age by one's chronological age and multiplying by 100. Today, IQ is a number that reflects the degree to which a person's score on an intelligence test deviates from the average score of others in his of her age group. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Verbal Scale - Verbal scale is six subtests in the Wechsler scales that measure verbal skills as part of a measure of overall intelligence. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Performance Scale - Performance scale is five subtests in the Wechsler scales that include tasks that require spatial ability and the ability to manipulate materials; these subtests provide a performance IQ. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aptitude Test - Aptitude tests are tests designed to measure a person's capacity to learn certain things or perform certain tasks. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Achievement Test - Achievement tests are measures of what a person has accomplished or learned in a particular area. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norms - Norms are 1. a description of the frequency at which a particular score occurs, which allows scores to be compared statistically. and 2. a learned, socially based rule that prescribes what people should or should not do in various situations. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reliability - Reliability is the degree to which a test can be repeated with the same results. Tests with high reliability yield scores that are less susceptible to insignificant or random changes in the test taker or the testing environment. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Validity - Validity is the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Factor Analysis - Factor analysis is a statistical technique that involves computing correlations between large numbers of variables. Factor analysis is commonly used in the study of intelligence and intelligence tests. 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fluid Intelligence - Fluid intelligence is the basic power of reasoning and problem solving. Fluid produces induction, deduction, reasoning, and understanding of relationships between different ideas. 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crystallized Intelligence - Crystallized intelligence is the specific knowledge gained as a result of applying fluid intelligence. It produces verbal comprehension and skill at manipulating numbers. 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Information Processing Approach - Information processing approach is an approach to the study of intelligence that focuses on mental operations, such as attention and memory that underlie intelligent behavior. 13.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Triarchical Theory of Intelligence - Triarchical theory of intelligence is a theory proposed by Robert Sternberg that sees intelligence as involving analytical, creative, and practical dimensions. 14.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Multiple Intelligences - Multiple intelligences are Howard Gardner's theory that people are possessed of eight semi-independent kinds of intelligence, only three of which are measured by standard IQ tests.

Ethical Interpersonal Communication Essay

Ethics refers to standards of conduct, standards that indicate how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues, which themselves are derived from principles of right and wrong. The major determinant of whether communications are ethical or unethical can be found in the notion of choice. The underlying assumption is that people have a right to make their own choices. Interpersonal communications are ethical to the extent that they facilitate a person’s freedom of choice by presenting that person with accurate information. Communications are unethical to the extent that they interfere with the individual’s freedom of choice by preventing the person from securing information relevant to the choices he or she will make. Unethical communications, therefore, are those that force a person to make choices he or she would not normally make or to decline to make choices he or she would normally make or both. The ethical communicator provides others with the kind of information that is helpful in making their own choices. You have the right to information about yourself that others possess and that influences the choices you will make. Thus, for example, you have the right to face your accusers, to know the witnesses who will be called to testify against you, to see your credit ratings, to see your medical records, and so on. At the same time that you have the right to information bearing on your own choices, you also have the obligation to reveal information that you possess that bears on the choices of your society. Thus, for example, you have an obligation to identify wrongdoing that you witness, to identify someone in a police line up, to notify the police of criminal activity, and Ethical Interpersonal Communication 3 to testify at a trial when you posses pertinent information. This information is essential for society to accomplish its purposes and to make its legitimate choices. Similarly, the information presented must be accurate; obviously, reasonable choices depend on accuracy of information. Doubtful information must be presented with qualifications, whether it concerns a crime that you witnessed or things you have heard about others. At the same time that you have these obligations to communicate information, you also have the right to remain silent; you have a right to privacy, to withhold information that has no bearing on the matter at hand. Thus, for example, a man or woman’s previous relationship history, sexual orientation, or religion us usually irrelevant to the person’s ability to function as a doctor or police officer, for example, and may thus be kept private in most job-related situations. If these issues become relevant say, the person is about to enter a new relationship then there may be an obligation to reveal previous relationships, sexual orientation, or religion, for example, to the new partner. In a court, of course, you have the right to refuse to incriminate yourself, to reveal information about yourself that could be used against you. But you do not have the right to refuse to reveal information about the criminal activities of others. In Canada, only lawyers and marriage partners are exempt from this general rule if the â€Å"criminal† was a client or spouse. In this ethic based on choice, however, there are a few qualifications that may restrict your freedom. The ethic assumes that persons are of an age and mental condition that allows free choice to be reasonably executed and that the choices they make do not prevent others from doing likewise. A child 5 or 6 years old may not be ready to make certain choices, so someone Ethical Interpersonal Communication 4 else (a parent or legal guardian) must make them. Some adults, for example people with advancing Alzheimer’s disease, need others to make certain decisions (legal or financial decisions) for them.

Causes of Variation

Variation is a result that leads to a difference or deviation (for example, structure, form, function) from the recognised norm or standard. It is a modification in structure, form or function in an organism, deviating from other organisms of the same species or group. There are two types of variation: interspecific variation and intraspecific variation. Interspecific variation is when one species differs from another like mammals differ from fish. These differences are explained through differing ancestries explained by the difference of genetics perhaps due to natural selection. However, intraspecific variation is when members of the same species differ from each other like how there are many different types of cats. This can be mainly explained through mutations.Variation is the result of two main factors: genetic differences and environmental influences. In most cases it is a combination of both factors. Additionally, in asexual reproduction, variety can only occur through mutati ons whereas off springs that have been produced sexually the variety will be more apparent due to the probabilities being higher due to more factors contributing to the cause of variation such as meiosis and fusion of gametes, as well as mutation.Genetic differences are due to the different genes that each individual organism possesses. The differences occur arise in living organisms and change from generation to generation. Genetic variation arises as a result of mutations, meiosis and fusion of gametes. Mutations are changes in DNA that result in the offspring containing different characteristics by the changing of quantity or structure of the DNA.The end result of the process of altering the DNA structure is a different amino acid sequence that leads to a formation of a different polypeptide, and hence a different protein, or no protein being produced at all. So, as proteins are responsible for the characteristics of an organism, it follows that changes to DNA are likely to alter an organisms characteristics. These sudden changes to genes and chromosomes may, or may not be passed onto the next generation.Genetic differences are also explained through meiosis. Meiosis is the process in which four daughter nuclei’s are produced, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It allows the offspring to adapt and survive in the changing world by allowing genetic variation through the independent segregation of homologous chromosomes due to the homologous pairs of chromosomes arranging in a new, random order. Also, the recombination of homologous chromosomes crossing over causes variation. Overall, meiosis mixes up the genetic material before it is passed into the gametes, all of which are therefore different.Lastly, genetic differences are also explained through the fusion of gametes. In sexual reproduction the offspring inherit some characteristics of each parents and are therefore different from both of them. Which gamete fuses with at fe rtilisation is a completely random process that emphasises the variation occurring in the offspring.On the other hand, environmental influences also have a massive input in variation. The environment influences the way in which the genes are expressed. The genes allow certain things to happen whereas the environment determines where each characteristic is utilised. For example, a plant may contain genes that allow it to grow tall however, it is the environment that allow this stage to progress so if the seed germinates for example, the plant will not be able to utilise it’s beneficial characteristics to the highest extent. Examples of environmental influences are: climatic conditions (such as rainfall, temperature and sunlight), soil conditions, food availability and pH.Overall, variation is caused due to a combination of environmental influences and genetic differences. However, it is hard to distinguish between the effects of environmental and genetic so is difficult to dra w conclusions about the causes of variation.

The eNotes Blog 5 Games to Encourage SummerReading

5 Games to Encourage SummerReading With the school year ending, getting students to sit down and read can be challenging- not to mention the dreaded  summer slide  the following autumn. But, with these 5 fun approaches, reading can become more engaging for students. And for those who are less reading-inclined, get them involved with other means of learning! 1. Play Reading Bingo Create a Bingo sheet with reading challenges. This can mean books with certain themes, poems of a certain length, or short stories/plays from a list. When school resumes, students who have completed a row, column, or diagonal on their Bingo sheet get a prize. Anyone who successfully completes a blackout (all squares completed) gets a prize. Here are some suggestions for your Bingo squares: Romance novels Pride and Prejudice, Romeo and Juliet, Jane Eyre Stories with a mystery A Jury of Her Peers, Dà ©sirà ©es Baby,The Black Cat Stories with a moral lesson A Christmas Carol, The Devil and Tom Walker, The Necklace Suspenseful stories Bernice Bobs Her Hair,  The Metamorphosis, The Tell-Tale Heart Poetry Goblin Market,  The Road Not Taken,  Spring 2. Have a Goodreads Competition If youre willing, have students friend you on Goodreads. The goal of the game is to read as many pages as you can all summer. Each milestone reached equals one prize (i.e., 100 pages, 500 pages). Give certificates to students who participate in the challenge. Have students mark their progress every Friday all summer Award medals (bronze, silver, gold) to students who reach certain benchmarks Give big prizes to those who out read the teacher! 3. Host a Movie Reading Challenge If you have a particularly friendly or opinionated class, this works really well. Use a list of books that have been adapted into movies. Some examples include  Black Beauty, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and  The Scarlet Letter. Students can watch the movie of their choice and read the book in any order they choose. Then ask them to respond to the following questions: How is the book different from the movie? Which one, in your opinion, was better? Set up a Google survey where students get to rank if they like the book or the movie more. The top movie can be watched in class with popcorn come autumn! This is not a school assignment- opinions can run free! 4. Create Lifelong Learners Students learn in different ways, and summer reading competitions can be difficult without differentiated instruction and alternative learning approaches. Instead of just emphasizing reading, tell them about other great educational opportunities. They’re all around us, especially during the summer. Those who like to listen to things can try podcasts, Shakespeare in the Park, plays, or TED Talks Those who are visual learners can read comics, visit an art museum, or watch documentaries 5. Have a Summer Reading Relay Have students create groups of 3-5 people. The goal is for each group to read the most books, collectively. These groups can decide whether they will each read different books or different chapters of the same books. Ideally, this will get students talking about what they’re reading to each other, encouraging social reading as a habit that will continue to grow. The group that reads the most books together wins a small prize. If the  class  collectively reaches a reading goal, the whole class gets a MEGA prize. To defend students from getting stuck with all of the group work, individuals who read the most books can also win a small prize. Remember that this is not an assignment! Depending on what each students is interested in, there are a variety of prize options that include (but aren’t limited to) the following: A free book Bookmarks Certificate, medal, etc. A pizza party for all the participants Independent reading/work day A bookstore gift card Do you like these ideas but dont like our examples? Check out our full collection of expert-annotated texts for a rich reading experience.

The Physician Hippocrates and Greek Medicine

The Physician Hippocrates and Greek Medicine Hippocrates, the father of medicine, may have lived from c. 460-377 B.C., a period covering the Age of Pericles and the Persian War. Like other details about Hippocrates, we really know very little beyond the fact that he is considered a great physician and was counted the greatest by the ancient Greeks. Born in Cos, site of an important temple of Asclepius, god of medicine, Hippocrates may have studied medicine with his father. He traveled around Greece training medical students that there are scientific reasons for ailments. Before him, medical conditions were attributed to divine intervention. Hippocrates maintained that all diseases have natural causes. He made diagnoses and prescribed simple treatments like diet, hygiene, and sleep. Hippocrates is the author of the saying Life is short, and the Art long (from his Aphorisms). The name Hippocrates is familiar because of the oath that doctors take (Hippocratic Oath) and a body of early medical treatises that are attributed to Hippocrates (Hippocratic corpus), which includes the Aphorisms. Hippocrates and Humoral Theory Quiz Hippocrates Medical Texts Hippocrates is on the list of Most Important People to Know in Ancient History. Also Known As: The Father of Medicine, the divine old man, Hippocrates of Cos Examples: Hippocrates of Cos isnt the mathematician Hippocrates of Chios. Go to Other Ancient / Classical History Glossary pages beginning with the letter a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | wxyz

Book of Exodus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Book of Exodus - Essay Example It showcases the defining element of the identity of the Israelites. Memories and histories of the past that were marked by escape and hardship, coupled with an encompassing covenant with Yahweh, contribute to understanding the political development that took place in this period. There is the theme of election in the social setting of Israelites. Firstly, the nation has been elected as the people of God. Secondly, the â€Å"sons of Israel† have been elected as God’s â€Å"first born sons†. This is seen in how leadership boils down to Jesus from Abraham and Shem. Jacob’s name changes to Israel; a condition that helps his family to hold leadership positions simply because the people believe they have been chosen by God (Dozenman 26). The element of election further narrows down to the descendants of David, from the line of Judah. Finally, through Jesus, leadership can be seen from the power wielded by Jesus. Apart from the divine power inheritance, the connection between history and political is one theme that has been intensively described in the Book of