The Shows Big Love and The Simpsons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Shows Big Love and The Simpsons - Essay Example Both shows: deal with relatively large families, although one show is about an extended family and one family is a nuclear family; have interpersonal relationship troubles, although one show’s interpersonal problems are more complicated than the other; and deal with people who have troubles, but one show is less easy for people to relate to than the other. Big Love and The Simpsons both deal with large families. However, Big Love is really more about a quite larger family than The Simpsons. In Big Love, Bill’s family is a fundamentalist Mormon family practicing polygamy, which means he has multiple marriages. The main characters of the show are Bill (the businessman who owns a chain of home improvement stores), and his three wives, Barb, Nicki, and Margene. The first episode was about their family’s struggle to live their polygamous way of life while keeping it a secret. The Simpson family is a nuclear family with bold traits. Each character is an icon by itself, but when they are together they form the iconic nuclear family. The key family members are the parents Homer and Marge and their three children Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. Big Love and The Simpsons, in their first show, both breach the topics of relationship troubles within the family. The difference is that the troubles described within Big Love are more serious in nature than the troubles in The Simpsons, which are rather petty problems. The first episode of Big Love focuses on Bill’s effort to find balance in the midst of having three wives while dealing with Nicki’s father, who wants a larger share of the store's profit. Meanwhile, in The Simpsons, Bart sneaks away and goes to get a tattoo saying â€Å"Mother.† However, while getting the tattoo, Marge—his mother—finds out and interrupts the procedure.  

Roles and Role Dynamics within the Daimler-Chrysler Corporation after Essay

Roles and Role Dynamics within the Daimler-Chrysler Corporation after Their Merger - Essay Example The paper tells that merger is one more important element of globalization. The phenomenon of a merger has been observed by the specialists of various sciences. One of the interesting aspects of the phenomenon is its influence on the corporate relations and the role dynamics after the process of merger. The case with Daimler-Chrysler Corporation is interesting to be examined as the example within the research as the case of the merger that appeared to be a takeover, with all its effects, influencing the relations within the corporation with its financial success. "In fact, up to 80 percent of corporate mergers and acquisitions fail to garner the expected financial gains, mainly because the deal-makers fail to anticipate the psychological and philosophical clashes that can undermine the alliance, industrial/organizational (I/O)". Before describing the circumstances of the merger it is important to describe the major events that happened just before the merger. The Chrysler company was a successful enterprise when it was headed by Lee Iacocca, its President. By the end of the 70s, he provided his company with $1.5 billion dollars as federal loan guarantees. These loan guarantees made Chrysler a profitable company until 1988 when innovations became necessary. The President of the company decided to risk and produced four kinds of new products - pickup trucks, sedans, minivan, and jeep. But at the beginning of the 90s Lee retired and it led the company to failure. After the merger, Chrysler began to lose money very quickly... The factors that led to such regress need careful consideration and the specialists are ambivalent as to determine the reason for the situation occurred. The company seemed to run well when the problems fell. When the problems revealed, the successor of Lee Iaccocoa, Robert Eaton, was fired and some other executives were fired with him. His place was occupied by Dieter Zetche, who found that the present market situation demands reorganization in the company structure. He created a team of specialists that replaced the executives that were fired with Robert Eaton. His innovations comprised changes in the improvement of the quality and as well as producing new products - a new model of pickup and jeep. This policy turned out to be successful and Chrysler received 788 million euros in 2002. In the merger of 1998, Daimler Benz and Chrysler Corporation created a new corporation of companies approximately of the same size but quite different in organizational culture and corporate relations. Chrysler was a company created in the USA, with the business strategy of the company dictated by the necessity of the flexible approaches and innovations. Daimler Benz was inspired by the features of the German culture - it is characterized by the strict hierarchical structure with high diversifications in corporate relations. The merger looked like it was the union of two partners with equal rights, and this was the information that had b een presented to the USA public by Daimler. But the fact was that the Chrysler Corporation had been sold. This led to numerous problems that occurred in the company itself, and these problems may partially influence the failure the company faced in 1998 - 2000.

Causes of the Great Depression

Causes of the Great Depression Moon Kyung Jung Economic fluctuations are inevitable in any nations that have any kinds of market, industries and more. However, there are always some unknown factors that deteriorate the fluctuations. During the 20th century, there were various economic fluctuations including the Great Depression which was triggered by some unknown factors at the time. This depression was considered one of the worst depressions ever faced by many nations during the time. Unemployment rate peaked at 24.9% that many people lost their jobs and decided to give up on their lives.[1] Even inflation rates sharply fluctuated which made investors to hesitate that whether they should invest or not. The Great Depression affected many nations around the world, including the U.S, and put these nations into disastrous situations. In this paper, there are two sections. First, I will talk about how the Great Depression started and came to hit the U.S. Also, I will be discussing about some effects the depression brought to the U.S. Lastly, I will talk about how the U.S economy was recovered and the process behind it. Falling Economy It is hard to point out where it exactly started from, but most countries started to face the depression at the same time.[2] Before we discuss about the Great Depression, let’s look at the industrial production of several countries. Before the depression started, many nations reached their peaks of production. During the time, the five major industrialized countries, the United States, Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom, were highly innovative, competitive, and large-investing nations. Among 22 industrialized nations, the United States was not hit by the Great Depression until first twelve countries were tied to the depression.[3] Most nations that are part of the League of Nations were affected by the depression in similar ways, but the U.S did not responded in the same way. Among these variations, how the United States faced immediate severity of the Great Depression in ways that sharp decline in American output is more important.[4] The first year for most countries was just a common bad year that they faced the average decline in production only over 9 percent, which was not considered that severe. Compared to these countries, the U.S faced a huge decline in industrial production, 21 percent in the first year. This fact makes the Great Depression was considered great in the U.S earlier than other nations.[5] In more depth about the decline in output, the initial fall in production was more focused on consumer goods, while investment goods remained relatively the same unlike other countries.[6] However, as this depression continued a few years, most countries were experiencing a greater depression than before. Among these countries, however, the United States was an apparent loser that from the peak to fall in industrial production of 62 percent, which is a significant number. There was no country that experienced the same magnitude of the decline.[7] Now, let’s talk about the causes of the â€Å"American† depression. Simply, between 1929 and 1933, there were chains of shocks caused the United States’ aggregate demand to decline repeatedly, which caused the economy down.[8] Specifically, the U.S. economy was apparently experiencing downturn in the summer of 1929. However, in the beginning, this downturn was at slow pace. Not surprisingly, the source of this downturn was tightening of Federal Reserve policy, which Fed started open market sales of securities in January 1928. [9] Unfortunately, Fed failed to decrease in the money supply because banks sought this as opportunities that they significantly increased their borrowing at the discount window.[10] Both nominal and real interest rates dramatically increased due to the interplay of the open market sales and the increased demand for money and brokers’ loans caused by the stock market boom.[11] Whenever there is rise in interest rates, it is assumable that the country will face some kind of negative situations because this rise would make people to save more than investment, which creates imbalance between savings and investments. And this monetary policy that causes this significant rise in interest rates was mostly due to the stock market according to Hamilton.[12] And the situation deteriorated in October 1929 as the stock market crashed. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York bought significant amounts of government bonds, thus increasing the stock of high-powered money, which made both nominal and real interest rates fall sharply, but was not good enough to hold the depression back. And even bank panics followed up and the real interest rates became consistently high. [13] Another feature of the depression is the collapse in domestic consumption spending which followed the stock market crash. As mentioned earlier, consumer spending played a significant role in the decline of output. [14] The main source of this drop in consumption was the crash market itself. The stock market crash and frequent fluctuations in stock prices created large amount of uncertainties about future income. The fluctuations of stock prices did not always made consumers and investors pessimistic about future, but just uncertain.[15] Also, this uncertainty was fostered by forecasts made by analysts of the time that they expressed tremendous uncertainty about their assumptions of the future.[16] And yes, it did immediately cut consumers’ and investors’ spending on irreversible goods and they simply waited for future information. Fortunately, sellers of essential goods, grocery stores for example experienced rise in their profits, since everyone was restraining themsel ves from wasting their income. Also, the effect of uncertainty also decreased consumer spending by decreasing wealth and by shifting households’ balance sheets toward illiquidity.[17] Lastly, let’s talk about last feature that deteriorated the depression. Doubtlessly, last source of the continuous decline in production was a series of banking panics.[18] Several panics occurred in sequences that one wave of panics followed by another and so on. In the process, more than 9000 banks were inevitably forced to suspend their operations and depositors and stockholders lost roughly $2.5 billion.[19] In detail, these banking failures came in many ways. First, the money supply was directly impacted by the bank failures. The ratio of deposits to currency fell significantly because the safety of banks misgave depositors which made them not to save their money to banks. [20] This lack of deposits to the banks sharply reduced the money multiplier and the situation got worse as the Fed has done nothing to increase the stock of high-powered money, which could reduce the effects of this shock in money supply. Also, the financial panics interrupted the intermediation role o f banks. As the bank failures prevented these banks to help out small businesses that cannot issue stocks or bonds, it became more expensive for other banks to loan to customers from the failed banks, because it required large amounts of transaction costs, which worsened the depression. [21] Recovery from the Great Depression There were many factors that deteriorated the depression and it seems unrecoverable. Then what possibly can restore the economy of the United States? There could been many solutions, but one solution at the time was stimulus to aggregate demand, large portion of it was in the form of monetary expansion.[22] Before the monetary expansion, there have been many fiscal policies involved to fix the situation, but they were mostly ineffective. The fact that aggregate demand stimulus really brought the recovery was largely caused by demand-induced changes in the money multiplier, which make people to spend their money instead of just keeping it under their bed.[23] Then how did this monetary expansion really took place? The main source of this increase in the money supply of the United States was a large amount of gold inflow began in 1933.[24] The rapid rate of the growth was a â€Å"consequence of gold inflow produced by the revaluation of gold plus the flight of capital to the United States. It was in no way a consequence of the contemporaneous business expansion.†[25] This increase in gold inflow and revaluation made people to spend more dollars on gold in exchange of risk of holding dollars. Another source of the immense movement of funds to the United States was the fast deterioration in the international political situation.[26] European citizens largely transferred their funds to the United States due to the increasing threat of a European war which created misgiving of seizure or destruction of wealth by the enemy.[27] Many economists concluded that â€Å"Munich and the outbreak of war in Europe were the main factors determining the U.S. money stock, as Hitler and the gold miners had been.†[28] It is ironic that other countries’ economic collapses helped the U.S. to restore its economy. To make the argument that monetary expansion was the source of the recovery more plausible, let’s look at the transmission mechanism. It is widely accepted that the increase in money supply will decrease the interest rates. First, nominal interest rates fall as the money stock increases. With fixed or rising expected inflation, the fall in nominal interest rates implies a fall in real interest rates. This drop in rates will foster people to buy more of equipment and durable consumer goods because cost of borrowing decreased as interest rates dropped.[29] During the depression, rise in wages and prices were not fully offset by the rapid monetary expansion. If money supply did not grow as fast as the rise in wages and prices, real balances would not have improved and there would have been no force on nominal interest rates, which possibly could restrain the restoration. But in fact the money supply did grow at very rapid rate that the prices and wages did not completely amend to the very rapid rates of money growth. This made the real balances to increase while the nominal interest rates fall during the recovery process. Even with these very low nominal interest rates, the economy was not fully recovered yet, but there was no other way to continue the monetary expansion. So, the main way to continue the monetary expansion was to encourage the economy by generating potentials of inflation and thus triggering a reduction in real interest rates. However, consumers and investors believed in the stickiness of price which made them to think that prices would rise ultimately and therefore expected inflation over the not too distant horizon.[30] In order for monetary expansions to stimulate the economy, not only the real interest rates had to decrease, but there had to be positive respond in investment and other types of interest-sensitive spending. [31] In fact, the economy responded as expected that there have been sharp increase in fixed investment and the consumption of durable goods. Over the next few years, the spending grew very rapidly as the real interest rates stayed negative. Although the economy still experienced fluctuations that real interest rates turned significantly positive which disrupted the growth of the economy by restraining the consumption and investment. However, overall the economy was finding its way back to the peak again at very fast rate that spending remained consistently high enough to stimulate the growth. Conclusion The Great Depression occurred in 1929 around the world indeed led the time into a chaos. Although the Great Depression occurred simultaneously in the industrialized countries, the U.S. depression was quite unique in several ways. Compare to other nations, the U.S. experienced much more severe declines. No country experienced similar magnitude of depression as the U.S. did. Also, the United States’ depression was started by a decline in consumption in durable goods due, increase bank failures, and sharp rise in interest rates. Since the Great Depression was a worldwide problem so it can be considered international shocks, but it also can be considered as national aggregate demand shocks, only in American perspective, because it had many uniquely American roots. There were many shocks that were internationally dealt, but it was ultimately the U.S. shocks and the U.S. policy choices that determined the path of the America. [32] Throughout the depression, the U.S. government tried many things to solve the situation. Yes, in fact the monetary expansion was the important key to the restoration of the United States’ economy from the depression. On the other hand, fiscal policy did not really help anything during the process and remained ineffective until 1942. Since, many international elements also contributed to the U.S. depression, there had to be some international elements to get through the situation. In fact, World War II helped the U.S. economy from further deterioration by many Europeans transfer their funds to the U.S. in order to avoid the risk of losing them by the war. Also, the large amount of gold inflow helped the U.S. expansionary monetary developments to be successful in decreasing both nominal and real interest rates, which stimulated the economy and people to spend their money on consumption of durable goods and investments. Also, the very low interest rates helped this positive atmos phere to continue furthermore and in fact the U.S. economy successfully recovered from the depression. [33] Although the Great Depression was successfully overcome, it is still doubtful that other depressions can be handled in the same way. Future research and more data is needed to confirm and confidently conclude that the actions took during the Great Depression was the â€Å"most† efficient and effective options. References The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [1] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [2] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [3] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [4] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [5] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [6] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [7] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [8] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [9] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [10] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [11] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [12] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [13] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [14] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [15] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [16] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [17] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [18] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [19] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [20] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [21] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [22] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [23] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [24] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [25] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [26] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [27] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [28] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [29] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [30] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784 [31] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D.Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol.52, No.4 (Dec., 1992), pp.757-784 [32] The Nation in Depression. Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, Vol. 7 No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 19-39 Printed. [33] What Ended the Great Depression? Christina D. Romer, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757-784

Free Essays - The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Free Essay on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, describes a young boy torn between what he feels for his country and what society expects of him and what his heart tells him is right. Huck Finn, faces many situations forcing him to deal with decisions that carry with them the ability to bring about change. Huck begins searching for an identity which is truly his own. In determining his self image, Huck deals with conforming to the social norms and freedom, trying on different identities that do not belong to him, and shaping these new found tributes into an identity which best suits his conscience. Throughout the book, Huck rejects "sivilized" life because he has no reason for it. All that civilization has brought for him was bad things. He meets many people and they all try to influence him to change his ways to what they see is right. Pretty soon, he does not want to deal with any of it and just wants to live a life of adventure and fun. The novel begins with Hu ck under the care of Widow Douglas as "she took me for her son, and allowed that she would civilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time." (p. 11) Huck has become so used to being free that he sees the Widow Douglas' protection solely in terms of confinement. He finds this impossible because he loses his freedom amongst "the bars and shackles of civilization." Huck feels that he belongs out under the stars where the community cannot tell him what to do. His drunken and often missing father has never paid much attention to him; his mother is dead and so, when the novel begins, Huck is not used to following any rules. At the beginning of the book, Huck is living with the Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Both women are fairly old and are really incapable of raising a rebellious boy like Huck Finn. They attempt to make Huck into what they believe will be a better boy, as Huck says, to "sivilize" him. They do this by making Huck go to school, teach ing him about different religions, and making him act in a way that the women find socially acceptable, which means no more smoking. Free Essays - The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays Free Essay on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, describes a young boy torn between what he feels for his country and what society expects of him and what his heart tells him is right. Huck Finn, faces many situations forcing him to deal with decisions that carry with them the ability to bring about change. Huck begins searching for an identity which is truly his own. In determining his self image, Huck deals with conforming to the social norms and freedom, trying on different identities that do not belong to him, and shaping these new found tributes into an identity which best suits his conscience. Throughout the book, Huck rejects "sivilized" life because he has no reason for it. All that civilization has brought for him was bad things. He meets many people and they all try to influence him to change his ways to what they see is right. Pretty soon, he does not want to deal with any of it and just wants to live a life of adventure and fun. The novel begins with Hu ck under the care of Widow Douglas as "she took me for her son, and allowed that she would civilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time." (p. 11) Huck has become so used to being free that he sees the Widow Douglas' protection solely in terms of confinement. He finds this impossible because he loses his freedom amongst "the bars and shackles of civilization." Huck feels that he belongs out under the stars where the community cannot tell him what to do. His drunken and often missing father has never paid much attention to him; his mother is dead and so, when the novel begins, Huck is not used to following any rules. At the beginning of the book, Huck is living with the Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Both women are fairly old and are really incapable of raising a rebellious boy like Huck Finn. They attempt to make Huck into what they believe will be a better boy, as Huck says, to "sivilize" him. They do this by making Huck go to school, teach ing him about different religions, and making him act in a way that the women find socially acceptable, which means no more smoking.

How can Marketing mix model help Manchester United build its global brand? Essay

The main purpose of this report is to introduce the definition of franchise and to analysis the advantages of it. The report comprises several advantages of franchise in almost every aspect, which have been proved to be essential and reliable. By this mean, the conclusion could be drawn that it is the best way to run an international business by franchise. 2. 0Introduction Franchise, is an authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities. For example, McDonald’s is one of the most famous brand franchising. As the franchisor, McDonald’s gives the right to the franchisee, as well as sell McDonald’s related products to someone who is willing to set up his own business. The license agreement demands McDonald’s to persist in manufacturing or operating ways and the quality of the good. This is a settlement that can suit both parties pretty well. Under a McDonald’s franchise, McDonald’s owns or rents the position and the building of restaurant. The franchisee buys the parts, the equipment and the right to manage the franchise in next twenty years. To confirm coherence throughout the world, all franchisees must use standardized McDonald’s menus, branding, administration systems and design layouts. 3. 0Main Section 3. 1 Justify of the reference Bernd Helmig is Full Professor, Chair and Head of Department for Business Administration, Public & Nonprofit Management at the University of Mannheim (Germany). Besides he acts as Academic Director for Executive Education of Mannheim Business School. He was Visiting Faculty Guest at Harvard Business School (Boston, Cambridge/Mass. ), and Visiting Scholar at the University of Edinburgh (UK). His research interests cover fields such as Nonprofit Marketing, Fundraising, Social Marketing, Failure of NPOs, and Corporate Social Responsibility (including Corporate Giving and Corporate Volunteering). Tansev Geylani graduated from University of Pittsburgh. He has such degrees as PhD in Industrial Administration (Marketing), Carnegie Mellon University, 2004,MS in Industrial Administration (Marketing), Carnegie Mellon University, 2002 MBA, Koc University and 1999 BS in Mechanical Engineering, M. E. T. U. , 1997. Tansev Geylani joined the Katz faculty in 2004. His research interests include distribution channels, retailing, product line strategies, information sharing, marketing & antitrust, media competition, and user-generated content. He was named Marketing Science Institute Young Scholar in 2009. Other awards he received include Management Science’s Distinguished Service (2009 ; 2011) and Meritorious Service awards (2012), the Katz Excellence in Research Award (2009), and the Katz Excellence in Teaching Award (2008). Alanson Minkler work as an Associate Professor, Economics for University of Connecticut at Storrs Mansfield. His subject areas include: Economic Rights, Alternative Economic Decision-Making. He also has degree like Ph. D. University of California-Davis, 1988 and B. A. University of California-Berkeley, 1981. His initial interests centered on worker contributions and motivations in firms, with particular focus on labor-managed and franchised firms 3. 2 Advantages of Franchise Being your own boss The franchisor regularly checks the standards of service, quality, value and cleanliness of the franchisee (Minkler, A. , 1990). The franchisee who gets all the training and support from franchisor is operating his or her own business so has much to lose as well as gain, which motivates them a lot to determine to succeed. Lower failure rate Once you use a franchise, you are buying a developed concept that has been successful. Figures show that franchisees stand a much better opportunity of success than people who start independent businesses; independent businesses count a 70 to 80 percent chance of NOT surviving the first few critical years while franchisees have an 80 percent chance of surviving (Michael M. Coltman, Franchising in Canada: Pros and Cons, Self-Counsel Press). Intensive initial training The franchisor has the duty to offer full-time training program which includes three stages to franchisee (Tansev G, 2004). Firstly, it starts with working in a restaurant, wearing the staff uniform, preparing for food and cooking. Secondly, it focuses on areas such as team building, business management, handling customer enquiries and leadership skills. Lastly, the trainee learns about stock control and ordering, legal side of hiring and  employing staff and profit and loss accounts. These training methods are proved to be absolutely essential. Marketing help Franchisee could benefit from the parent company’s marketing programs, according to Entrepreneur. com. The marketing and advertising advertisements created by the franchisor leave franchisee with more time to focus on the daily operating of business. This is a win-win for both parties. It helps increase sales by means of franchise, which, on the other hand, allows the parent company to collect more fees. (Bernd H. 2008) Continuous support It recognizes that the success and profitability of many international chain brands are inextricably linked to the success of the franchises (Minkler, A. , 1990). A highly qualified group of professional advisers offer continuous support on everything from human resources to computers and accounting. The field adviser can become a valuable business partner and a sounding board for ideas. Guaranteed Territory In most cases, a franchise parent company would guarantee franchisee a predetermined territory and assist it in succeeding in that field (Tansev G, 2004). Territories vary depending on the company which is worked with, but not having to compete with another franchise location from the same company in territory can help to generate revenue. 3. 3 Shortages of Franchise One major problem for a new business is predicting how much business it might enjoy, running the risk of either cashflow problems or the difficulties associated with overtrading. The turnover and profit from any outlet will vary, depending on a wide range of internal and external variables. Each franchisee is expected to take a positive approach to building up sales, although an average rate of return of over 20 percent is generally expected over the lifetime of the franchise. When it comes to starting a business, many people think of buying a franchise as a shortcut to success (Bernd H. 2008). While there is some truth to this, not all franchises are created equal, and not everyone is cut out to be a franchisee. 4Conclusion By specific descriptions of many advantages of franchise and comparison them with its drawbacks, we can make the conclusion that franchise is the best way of international business.

Julia Salas

Julia Salsas – the woman Alfred fell in love with and the sister-in-law of Judge Del Valley. She Is the other girl of Alfred Salary who remains single in her entire life. Julia Salsas Is a smart girl In a way that she Just let go after she knew that Alfred Is engaged to Spenserian. Carmen – Carmen is the sister of Alfred Salary and the daughter of Don Julian. She this â€Å"wide† understanding. Donna Delia – sister of Julia Salsas, she is small and plump but a pretty woman with a complexion of a baby with an expression of a cow. Bribing Sammy – she is the illusive woman whose Alfred is looking for. Title: The Small KeyBy: Pas Lateran Solaced – (also Challenge) a woman who's on her pass twenties. She is the second wife of Pedro. She is curious and discontented on what she knows about his husband's past marriage. She worries that those things she found in the trunk owned by his husband will destroy their relationship, and so she still managed t o burn all those things. Tia Maria – she is the housemaid of Pedro and Solaced. She also helped Pedro in taking care of his wife Solaced when Solaced was not feeling well. Title: Harvest By: Loretta Para's – Slit Miss Francis – She is a tall woman having a voice too deep and throaty.She is not exactly very young or very beautiful but there is something disquieting in the instrument of her features and the mole on her face Just above her lips tinged her whole face with a strange loveliness. Vidal and Fabian have feelings for her. She mold figures out of clay. Tinny – she is the wife of Fabian. An obedient wife and a loving mother to her child. Mila – She is the lady Fabian wanted to be marry to his brother Vidal. Amelia's family owns a lot of carobs. Turning – she is the child of Fabian and Tinny, who have white skin as those of the rice grains and her nose is high-bridged.A girl who respects her parents. Title: Zeta and the man in Her Life B y: Arturo B. Rotor Zeta – She is the daughter of Don Older, a simple and a sweet daughter. She has feelings for Mr.. Retch but as what she's not expecting, fate didn't cooperate to her feelings. She knew little things about how a lady should act and display her physiques. By: Matador T. Adagio Alumna – she is the first wife of Away. She love Away so much that she let go of Away after knowing that they can't bear a child. Alumna is sweet and patient that she even visited during Dyads wedding ceremony.She's not selfish and she looks not only on the side of her own story but also on those people she love. Modality – she is the present wife of Away. Modality is also an understanding person, because she never hurt Alumna. She also loves Away so much that she will forget everything but never Away. Title: How my Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife By: Manuel Irregular Female characters: Maria – A tall, lovely girl. She is an urban girl whom Leon loves so much. In r eturn, she also loves Leon that she didn't bother even if Leon is staying in a rural area with Carobs and mud's. Title: Love in a CorncobsBy: Aid Riviera Ford Constantine Trill â€Å"Attain† – she is the housemaid of Senora and Senorita. Attain was simple and beautiful when she was in her teen age. She is the lover of Madam Jugular but then Madam loss connection and communication to Attain. Years passed, Attain still haven't heard about Madam and so she married a Bugaboo and had a child Bigot. Senora – the woman whom Attain is working with. Title: Mayday Eve By: Nick Joaquin Dona Agued – (young Agued) she is pretty like all other girls in her age and she has also a kind of attitude that will make her do things which rings her curiosity.She was loved by Don Badly and later prepared a fix marriage for both of them. She then became the mother of the two kids, a girl and a boy named Voltaire. Anastasia – she is the housemaid old woman who taught Agued a superstitious belief about mirrors. That if twelve midnight struck and you will look into the mirror's reflection you will see your soul mate. By: Estella Aloof Mother of the two kids – she was described â€Å"with eyes that held pride and maternal gloating she exhibited†. She was not Just a mere woman but a mother that went through all the bravery to defend her daughter from Vaccine.She has also a mistake withdrawn in the story because she Just easily relied and trusted so much in the man without knowing the background. Although the man is described as gentle, slow in manner and helpful but these characteristic don't guarantee a true personality. But she was able to drive Vaccine out of the house in a very forceful, magnificent manner but toned down. She was indeed a mother and a woman of valor. Title: The Virgin By: Kermis Polytonal-Advert Miss Miseries – a 34-year-old woman who works in the placement section of an agency. Described as impolite and bossy whe n it comes to dealing with Job applicants.She routinely lives her life in discipline making her life dull. Later on in the story, she finally let go of her control with herself and gave in to the new carpenter in the agency. Miss Miseries was a stern, responsible woman with hidden desires. Title: The Visitation of the Gods By: Gilda Corded Fernando Miss Noel – a woman of compassion, integrity and competence. Ms. Noel is the only serious character, the only one the reader can really identify with. She is an English teacher assigned in landscaping the school's garden together with the freshmen boys. Mrs.. Lobes – she is the wife of Mr..Lobes, the principal of the school. She acts like his husband with full authority over the teachers in the story. Mrs.. Advancing – the harassed Home Economics instructor, and some of the less attractive lady teachers. She was assigned to prepare the food for the visitors. Miss Santos – she is the Mrs.. Alexandra – Mrs .. Dells Santos – Title: The Bread of Salt By: NV Gonzales Female Character: Aid – the subject of the protagonist's affections; young, messiest, high-society. She is Alicia and Josephine – they are twins in the story which are the cousins of Aid.Filipino ladies in selected Philippine short stories possess different personal qualities and characteristics. Most of the authors described their female characters like what Filipino ladies are, as ladies having stunning attractiveness like Spenserian, Julia Salsas, Donna Delia, Miss Francis, Maria, Zeta, Dona Agued and Aid. Some were portrayed as a kind-hearted person and understanding in their own little ways like Julia Salsas, Tia Maria, Alumna, Maria, Miss Miseries, and Miss Noel.Although there re few of the female characters who portrays the negative attitude but with some reasons, like Julia Salsas, who didn't know that Alfred is already engaged, Solaced, who burnt all the things her husband kept in a very long ti me but that's because of jealousy, Attain who Just marry a Bugaboo and left the memory of her past lover and just forget him and Mrs.. Lobes who doesn't care whether she already step on someone's dignity and life. The authors treat the women characters as if they are important in the society.They portray the characters like the Filipino women who are generous, very caring, understanding and extremely patient and sometimes can also be powerful as men. But there are authors who also treat women's inferiority. Just like in the case of Attain in the story â€Å"Love in the Corn husk† there she was treated as someone who's unlucky for marrying a Bugaboo, Dona Agued in the story â€Å"May Day Eve† and Mrs.. Advancing with the other female teachers in â€Å"The Visitation of the Gods†. Most of the women in the story were treated equally with men but there are few who were not, some of this are the female teachers in the story â€Å"The Visitation of theGods† whe re in they were Just told to what they are going to do during the evaluation and were told that they are JUST women. And Dona Agued who was Just forced to marry his husband without considering what she wants. Another unfair treatment of women is in the story â€Å"Wedding Dance† that women will be left by their husbands if they are not capable of providing their husbands a child. Just like what happened to Alumna, even if she really loves Away, they should still break the bond of being a couple.